Trophoblastic Disease During the Third Trimester of Pregnancy: Ultrasonic Diagnostic, Clinical Case and Perinatal Outcomes

Gynecology and Womens Health

Trophoblastic disease (TFD) considers rare tumors arising preferentially in reproductive age women. TFD is a relatively rare pathology and occurs at a rate of 1 in 22000 to 1 in 100000 pregnancies [1-3]. Trophoblastic tumors are always associated with pregnancy and can manifest both during pregnancy and after its completion (from several days to several years). The concept of “trophoblastic disease” unites several interconnected various forms of pathological condition of trophoblast: a hydatidiform mole, an invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, a placental bed tumor and an epithelioid trophoblastic tumor [2].
These tumours are rare, and they appear when cells in the womb start proliferating. Early diagnosis of GTD is essential for successful management while preserving fertility.
Malignant trophoblastic tumors (TT) are distinguished by high aggressiveness, rapid metastasis but, at the same time, high cure rates only with chemotherapy, even in the presence of distant metastases [4-6]. Various forms of TFD are considered by oncogynecologists as a single etiopathogenetic process [7]. The incidence of successful treatment of invasive forms of TFD, including choriocarcinoma, according to various authors, exceeds 80–90% [2]. After the cure of TFD, reproductive function is preserved in the absolute majority of young women.

The special properties of the ovarium, the effect of viruses (in particular, the influenza virus) on the trophoblast, immunological factors, increased hyaluronidase activity, chromosomal aberrations, and protein deficiency appear among the etiological prerequisites for TFD [8,9].

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